Saya membuat array simpul untuk kubus saya. Saya mencoba membuat 1000 kubus dalam bentuk kubus. Saya yakin saya tidak memahami kapan harus membuat dan mengikat VAO dan VBO. Saya tidak tahu informasi apa yang dapat membantu memecahkan masalah ini. Di pastebin saya memasukkan shader terlebih dahulu dan kemudian kode utama. Tidak ada yang muncul, tapi sedang berjalan.
Sunting: kubus ada di baris 100
Sunting 2: kode instan dimulai pada 160
Sunting 3: matriks tampilan mulai dari 272
Sunting 4: panggilan undian dimulai pada 293
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 2) in mat4 instanceMatrix;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view * instanceMatrix * vec4(aPos, 1.0f);
}
#include <glew.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <glm.hpp>
#include <gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include "Shaders/Functions/loadShader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#include "Input/Input.h"
//Function used to resize the window appropriately.
void FrameBufferSizeCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
inline void Mouse(GLFWwindow* window, double xPos, double yPos);
//Global screen settings.
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
//Global camera variables.
Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
//Global timing variables.
float deltaTime = 0.0f; //Time difference of current frame and last frame.
float lastTime = 0.0f; //Keeps track of the time of the last frame. Used to calculate deltaTime.
int main(void)
{
/* Initialize the library */
if (!glfwInit())
{
std::cout << "GLFW initialization failed." << std::endl;
return -1;
}
/* OpenGLtutorials.org tutorial */
//Triangle doesn't show if other 3 are uncommented
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4); //4x antialiasing
//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); //OpenGL 3.3
//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); //We don't want the old OpenGL
//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
/* OpenGLtutorials.org tutorial end */
GLFWwindow* window;
/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
window = glfwCreateWindow(1280, 1024, "Window of the Gods!", NULL, NULL);
if (!window)
{
glfwTerminate();
std::cout << "GLFW window creation failed." << std::endl;
return -1;
}
/* Make the window's context current */
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
//Added code
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, FrameBufferSizeCallback);
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, Mouse);
//Tells GLFW to capture our mouse.
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
//Check if GLEW is initialized
if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
{
std::cout << "GLEW failed to initialize." << std::endl;
}
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
//Compile and load shaders and store the program id
GLuint programID = LoadShaders("Shaders/Vertex/CameraShader.vert", "Shaders/Fragment/SimpleFragmentShader.frag");
//Prints the GLEW and openGL versions
std::cout << "Using GLEW version :" << glewGetString(GLEW_VERSION) << std::endl;
std::cout << "Using openGL version: " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;
/*
*******CUBE*******
An array of 3 vectors which represents 3 vertices; 6 to make a rectangle; Each segment represents a face of a cube, made of two triangles;
Looking at the face, the first vertex of each triangle is top left, triangle formed counter-clockwise; First vertex on top is (-0.5, 0.5, -0.5);
First vertex on bottom is (-0.5, -0.5, 0.5);
1 3
4
2
5 6
*/
static const GLfloat cubeVertexBuffer[] =
{
//Front
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
//Right
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
//Back
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
//Left
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
//Top
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
//Bottom
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
};
//World space position of our cube.
/*glm::vec3 cubePosition[] =
{
glm::vec3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
};*/
//INSTANCING TEST
//Need to do: make sure the coordinates right.
unsigned int cubeGridXCoord = 10;
unsigned int cubeGridYCoord = 10;
unsigned int cubeGridZCoord = 10;
float displacement = 4.0f;
unsigned int currentIndex = 0;
glm::mat4* modelMatrices;
modelMatrices = new glm::mat4[cubeGridXCoord * cubeGridYCoord * cubeGridZCoord];
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < cubeGridXCoord; i++)
{
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < cubeGridYCoord; j++)
{
for (unsigned int k = 0; k < cubeGridZCoord; k++)
{
glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3((float)i / displacement, (float)j / displacement, (float)k / displacement));
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.1f));
modelMatrices[currentIndex++] = model;
}
}
}
//INSTANCING TEST END
unsigned int VAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
//Identify vertex buffer
GLuint vertexbuffer;
//Generate 1 buffer, put the resulting identifier in vertexbuffer
glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
//Give the vertices to OpenGL
//glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(cubeVertexBuffer), cubeVertexBuffer, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(cubeVertexBuffer), cubeVertexBuffer, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//Added code end
//First attribute buffer : vertices
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer
(
0, //attribute 0. No reason 0, but must match layout in shader.
3, //size
GL_FLOAT, //type
GL_FALSE, //normalized?
0, //stride
(void*)0 //array buffer offset
);
glBindVertexArray(0);
unsigned int matricesBuffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &matricesBuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, matricesBuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, cubeGridXCoord * cubeGridYCoord * cubeGridZCoord * sizeof(glm::mat4), &modelMatrices[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
// vertex attributes
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(glm::mat4), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(3);
glVertexAttribPointer(3, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(glm::mat4), (void*)(1 * sizeof(glm::vec4)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(4);
glVertexAttribPointer(4, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(glm::mat4), (void*)(2 * sizeof(glm::vec4)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(5);
glVertexAttribPointer(5, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(glm::mat4), (void*)(3 * sizeof(glm::vec4)));
glVertexAttribDivisor(2, 1);
glVertexAttribDivisor(3, 1);
glVertexAttribDivisor(4, 1);
glVertexAttribDivisor(5, 1);
glBindVertexArray(0);
double previousFPSTime = glfwGetTime();
int frameCount = 0;
/* Loop until the user closes the window */
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
//Get the time variables and display fps
float currentTime = glfwGetTime();
deltaTime = currentTime - lastTime;
lastTime= currentTime;
frameCount++;
if (currentTime - previousFPSTime >= 1.0f)
{
std::cout << "FPS: " << frameCount << "\r";
frameCount = 0;
previousFPSTime = currentTime;
}
//Input
ProcessInput(window, camera, deltaTime);
/* Render here */
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//Added code
glUseProgram(programID);
//Pass the projection matrix to shader ( in this case could change every frame )
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(programID, "projection"), 1, GL_FALSE, &projection[0][0]);
//Camera/view transformation.
glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(programID, "view"), 1, GL_FALSE, &view[0][0]);
//for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
//{
// //Calculate model matrix and initialize.
// glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
// model = glm::translate(model, cubePosition[0] + glm::vec3(glm::cos(i)* 0.2f + (glm::cos(i)), i * 0.1f, glm::sin(i) * 0.2f + (glm::sin(i))));
// //model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(0.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
// model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.1f));
// glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(programID, "model"), 1, GL_FALSE, &model[0][0]);
// //Draw the triangle
// glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); // Starting from vertex 0; 3 vertices = one triangle, 6 = one face, 36 = one cube;
//}
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glDrawElementsInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, cubeGridXCoord * cubeGridYCoord * cubeGridZCoord);
glBindVertexArray(0);
//Added code end
/* Swap front and back buffers */
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
/* Poll for and process events */
glfwPollEvents();
}
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
